The Illusion of the “American Dream” - 1408 Words

The phrase â€Å"American Dream† has often been ascribed to the prosperity of the United States, but the explication of this expression lacks consistency amongst the citizens in this country. The diversity of opinions comprised in the American society causes significant variation to the interpretation of this term from person-to-person. An example of these discrepancies is depicted in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman. In this play, Miller uses several different characters as a function to illustrate the widespread disparity of beliefs regarding the appropriate philosophy for the pursuit of happiness in America. Willy Loman (the central character in the play) is used to represent a highly capitalistic society. On the other hand, Willy’s son†¦show more content†¦Shipping clerk, salesman, business of one kind or another. And it’s a measly manner of existence†¦ And always having to have to get ahead of the next fella. And still—thatâ₠¬â„¢s how you build a future† (Miller 22). Biff’s statements in this excerpt illustrate how he tried to mimic the example set by his father, but discovered that his efforts gained him no satisfaction. In this passage, Biff also mentions his irritation about the lack of rest given to workers in America: â€Å"To suffer fifty weeks of the year for the sake of a two-week vacation† (Miller 22). It is well known that workers in socialist societies are given more time off a year, in order to rest and refresh their minds and bodies. Consequently, this statement serves to refute Willy’s beliefs, due to his readily apparent exhaustion from an excessive workload over his career. By including this passage early in the play, Miller demonstrates two opposing viewpoints pertaining to certain ideology’s present in the American society. As the narrative progresses, Biff’s beliefs begin to solidify, creating a further rift between himself and his father, w hile also displaying the rift between socialism and capitalism. The culmination of this tension reaches its apex when Biff and his father get into one final argument. Biff conveys his realization that he wants no part of the ruthless world of business: â€Å"Why am I trying to become something I don’t want to be?† (Miller 132). Biff’s statement is emblematic for not only

The Geography of the Hawaiian Islands - 1381 Words

Mark Twain once described the Hawaiian Islands as â€Å"The loveliest fleet of islands that lies anchored in any ocean†. Hawaii is the most unique of the states of America. To further understand the geography of Hawaii, one must understand how Hawaii was formed, how Hawaii was populated, and understand what Hawaii came to be today. To begin, Hawaii is the longest chain of islands in the world. It was originally formed by a fissure more than 1600 miles long that lies along the floor of the Pacific Ocean that produced the Hawaiian ridge. Along the ridge then formed individual dorms that formed what we know today as the Hawaiian Islands (Webmaster). It is now over 3,300 kilometers long, made up of longs strings of islands and reefs (US†¦show more content†¦There became an inevitable influence of American plantations, but Hawaii knew if they lost their independence, they would be annexed by the United States (US Department of State). As the number of American plantations grew, their dissatisfaction with the Hawaiian government grew (US Department of State). Then in 1887, they forced the king to agree to an elected government ruled by the planters. Finally in 1893, the king was overthrown and the new government requested to be annexed by the United States right away (US Department of State). At first they refused, but then they were finally accepted as a territory in 1898 (US Department of State). Then after Alaska was accepted as a state, Hawaii was then added to the list of states for America. Hawaii is now seen as a major tourism spot, with more than 4.5 million people visiting the state every year (US Department of State). Americans and other citizens from neighboring countries flock to Hawaii for spring break, honeymoons, and business trips. But because of the current struggling economy, the major income for the state is declining at a shocking rate. Hawaii just suffered one of the worst winters as far as hotel occupancies, linked to tourism (Ma rtin). The rates were the lowest the have been in five years, dropping 75%, the lowest since the Persian Gulf War in 1991 (Martin). These problems are being increasingly influenced by the unwelcoming feelings towards business travel, especially with the recent problems withShow MoreRelated Hawaii Essay666 Words   |  3 Pages Hawaii: Paradise Island Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the physical geography, history and culture of Hawaii. Central Idea: We will see that Hawaii is a special place, by looking at its physical geography, history, and culture. Introduction I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What comes to mind when you think of palm trees, beautiful beaches, luaus and hula dances? A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hawaii B.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The â€Å"Aloha† state.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Read MoreHawaii Weather: Peculiarities and Hazards Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesAs a popular vacation destination, the Hawaiian islands are well known for their predictable and relatively mild weather year round. However, there are wide variations in the weather depending on the exact location in the island chain. Also, there are some unique hazards to aviation operations caused by Hawaii’s location and geography that one must become acquainted with before operating an aircraft in the 50th state. One can encounter trade winds and their associated weather, temperature inversionsRead MoreOutside Influence On The Hawaii1234 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals come to take part in the temperate weather and beautiful beaches. However, Hawaii now is nothing like it use to be - the real history behind this popular chain of islands is rarely told to visitors. Back in early Hawaiian times, Hawaii was self-suf ficient, independent, and gorgeous all around. The number of Native Hawaiians flourished, and everyone helped contribute to the community. All that changed, however, when outsiders began to settle here in Hawaii. Although the different outside influencesRead MoreEssay on Hawaii737 Words   |  3 PagesHawaii Hawaii is a state that attracts tourists because of its history, geography, entertainment, and culture. It is well known for its volcanoes, beaches, and climate. For these reasons, tourism is the main thing Hawaii is known for. Hawaii was recordivly discovered on January 18, 1778, by 2 explorers, James Cook and Captain Clerke. They went to the shore of Kealakekua Bay, where they were greeted by cheering natives. Later, a native stole one of their boats, so Cook and some marinesRead MoreReggae Is Not Only A Type Of Music1560 Words   |  7 PagesFor indigenous communities throughout the world, reggae is not only a type of music, but a culture. One of the most worldwide forms of popular culture, reggae is able to be found in many communities, such as Native American, Aboriginal Australian, Hawaiian and Pacific. Reggae has a very well known and well defined associated culture. It must be kept in mind the appeal of the Rastafarian ‘lifestyle’ associated with the reggae genre. For many youth in indigenous communities, this lifestyle may be seenRead MoreA Community Characteristics Of The Hawaiian Culture912 Words   |  4 PagesNative Hawaiian. The assumption is that the Hawaiian culture involves more collectivistic families than individualistic families. Collectivist families have more group cohesion and collectivistic cultures make decisions based on the betterment of the group. The statistic that proves the previous statement is there ar e 1,673 households out of the total 8,383 with 7 or more people living in one household (Census Bureau, 2010). The languages spoken in Honolulu include Tagalog, English, Hawaiian, and PidginRead MoreWhat Is The Geography Of The Us824 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Geography The United States is located in the center of the North America continent. It is the second largest country in the continent and the fourth largest in the whole world after Russia, Canada, and China. Its total area is 3.797 million square miles (9.834 million square kilometers). The Bodies of Water in the U.S. In the United States, there is a really large river system called the Mississippi/Missouri river system. The system has the longest river in the North America andRead More Geography Essay2204 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction and Climate The state of Hawaii is composed of 132 islands, reefs and shoals that extend for over 1500 miles across the central North Pacific Ocean from the quot;Big Islandquot; of Hawaii to midway and Kure Atolls. The eight main islands of Hawaiian Archipelago include Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, Kauai, Molokai, Lanai, Nihau and Kahoolawe (listed in order of size) which extend for only 350 miles at the south-eastern end of the volcanic mountain chain. Hawaii includes some of the earth’sRead MoreKilauea and Mt St Helens Comparison804 Words   |  4 PagesGeography study on the differences Between the volcanoes MT st Helens and Kilauea Kilauea is a volcano in the Hawaiian Islands it is one of the five shield volcanoes in the Hawaiian language Kilauea means spewing or spreading. Mt St. Helens is an active stratovolcano in Washington it is named after British diplomat lord st Helens. There are many differences between the volcanoes for example the explosivity of the two volcanoes most recent eruptions are completely different Kilauea is almostRead MoreThe Eruption Of Kilauea Volcano2185 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract The home of Pele, the Hawaiian volcano goddess, Kilauea Volcano has been erupting for the last 30 years. Since January 3, 1983, the world has stopped to look at the lava flowing out of the crevices of the crater. However, despite the meaning of the name, Kilauea in Hawaiian (which translates to â€Å"spewing† or â€Å"much spreading†), many scientists are amazed that the volcano has a continuous flow (USGS 1,2,3). Nonetheless, as the East Rift Zone spreads, Kilauea has started overflowing; and the

Standards on Compliance and Reporting Costs †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Standards on Compliance and Reporting Costs. Answer: Introduction: In the AASB 136 in Para 9 it states, that an entity is required to assess the indications related to impairment of assets. The assessment is conducted by the entity at the end of each accounting period (Oulasvirta 2014, pp.272-285). If the indication of the impairment of assets exists then the entity is required to calculate the recoverable amount of the assets. The definition of impairment is provided in the Para 6 of the AASB 136. The assets that have carrying amount less than the market value in that case the assets is impaired and the impairment loss is recorded in the income statement. The Para 12 -14 of the AASB 136 provides indication related to the impairment of assets. There are certain situations that are described under the mentioned Para in which the assets impairment can be regarded as necessary (Du et al. 2017, pp.557-605). The indication that the impairment of assets exists are provided in the two major headings of information: Internal and External; External Sources of Information includes the following: The external source of information that indicates the existence of impairment of assets are given below: There has been a decline in the market value of the assets due to normal usage and the passage of time; There is sudden change in the market, technological, economic or legal environment that has adversely affected the assets of the entity. There has been increase in the return on investment and the market rate of interest that have resulted in decline in the recoverable value of the assets. The carrying amount of the asset is lower than the market capitalisation of net assets. Internal Sources of Information includes the following: It is evident that there is damage or obsolesce of assets; The manner of using assets have changed significantly; The AASB 136 states that an assets is impaired if the carrying value of the assets is less than the recoverable amount of the assets. The recent developments in the external environment of Myer business indicate that there is an evidence of impairment of assets. The company has changed its strategy to take on the online business of Amazon (Christensen et al. 2016, pp.397-435). In the altered strategy, the company has developed new store format and made changes in the outlet. The company has made announcement related to closure of store, new stores are terminated and the space is optimised. The above discussion states that this are the evidence of impairment of assets. Processes for determining asset impairments The amortisation is not applicable to goodwill and intangible assets that do not have definite useful life. In this case, the assets are tested annually to determine the impairment of assets. The company conducts impairment testing of noncurrent assets when there is an indication that the amount recoverable from the assets is lower than the carrying value of the assets (Wang 2014, pp.955-992). The loss of impairment should be recognised and in order to do that the assets should be grouped together. In case of Myer, the goodwill that are arising on the acquisition of the business cannot be identified with the separate cash generating units. Therefore, in this case goodwill is allocated to the entire business. There are no definite life periods for the brand name of the company and is currently is valued $402.8 million as on 2015 (Anon 2017). The intangible assets that have indefinite life is required to be tested for impairment on annual basis. The company has adopted the process of discounted cash flow model in order to determine the recoverable amount of assets. In this model, the projected cash flow of the five year is used to ascertain the recoverable amount (Albu et al. 2014, pp.489-510). The company by using the terminal growth rate extrapolate the cash flow that is beyond the five-year period. There are certain assumptions that are made in calculating the projected cash flow: The gross profit margin of the company is 39.5%; The pre-tax discount rate is taken as 14.4%; The terminal growth rate is taken as 2.5%; ; The same procedure and assumptions are used to calculate the carrying value of the stores. In addition to this, the company also makes assessment whether there is any indication that the financial assets of the company are impaired. If there is a prolonged decline in the value of equity below the cost then an impairment loss in the value of equity share is recognised. Therefore, the procedure that have been followed by the Myers for determining the impairment of assets have been discussed. Information needed to determine asset impairments The method that have been applied for determining the impairment amount ascertains the information need and the details that are required. The Para 30 of the AASB 136 provides that for value in use of the assets the information is required to determine the liquidity condition of the assets (Christensen et al. 2015, pp.397-435). In determining the amount of impairment, the estimated cash flow is required to be calculated. The flowing informations are required to determine the impairment of assets: The economic information is necessary to make the assumption; In order to justify the period of budget the information is required to be obtained; In order to determine the average growth rate of the company the information should be obtained; In order to determine the growth rate of the industry the information is required to be obtained; The information pertaining to the market in which the business operates should be obtained. Flexibility management has in the determination of asset impairments The flexibility in the management refers to the ability of the manager to use judgment in making estimations. The Para 24 of the AASB 136 provides the manner in which the management measures the amount that is recoverable from the intangible assets is an example of flexibility that is used by the management. The Para 30 of the AASB 136 provides that in calculating the value in use the management is required to calculate the future cash flow (Miller and Power 2013, pp.557-605). In calculating the future cash flow, the management has enough flexibility to make appropriate assumptions. The estimated future cash flow is required to be calculated based on the management best assessment of the economic condition that is expected in the future period. Therefore, it can be seen that the management has sufficient flexibility in determining the impairment of assets. Referencing Albu, C.N., Albu, N. and Alexander, D., 2014. When global accounting standards meet the local contextInsights from an emerging economy.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(6), pp.489-510. Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://investor.myer.com.au/FormBuilder/_Resource/_module/dGngnzELxUikQxL5gb1cgA/file/Myer_Annual_Report_2016.pdf [Accessed 25 Aug. 2017]. Christensen, H.B., Lee, E., Walker, M. and Zeng, C., 2015. Incentives or standards: What determines accounting quality changes around IFRS adoption?.European Accounting Review,24(1), pp.31-61. Christensen, H.B., Nikolaev, V.V. and WITTENBERG?MOERMAN, R.E.G.I.N.A., 2016. Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective.Journal of accounting research,54(2), pp.397-435. Du, K., Givoly, D. and Alhusaini, B., 2017. The Impact of the Codification of Accounting Standards on Compliance and Reporting Costs, and its Usefulness for Empirical Research. Miller, P. and Power, M., 2013. Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory.Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.557-605. Oulasvirta, L., 2014. The reluctance of a developed country to choose International Public Sector Accounting Standards of the IFAC. A critical case study.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(3), pp.272-285. Wang, C., 2014. Accounting standards harmonization and financial statement comparability: Evidence from transnational information transfer.Journal of Accounting Research,52(4), pp.955-992.

Lysistrata Essays (923 words) - Lysistrata, Women In War, Myrrhine

Lysistrata Lysistrata A play about making war - and not making love? The Talbot Theatre production of Lysistrata both entertained and delighted this member of the audience, who was there partly because of an English assignment requirement, but mainly because of the opportunity to enjoy a live theatre production. The theatre company employed many different components to bring this antiwar play to life that evening on the stage. These components can be broken into three categories, which visually enhanced the text of the play. The first of these categories is the setting, the stage lighting, and the props. The second component is the symbolism of some of those props, and the third component is the character portrayals by the actors on the stage. To take us back to ancient Greece, the props master employed a very simple interpretation using columns on a raised set of steps, with a backdrop of blue. To add to the feel of the era, a statue stands in the middle of the platform. This platform serves double duty as the Akropolis and as the Citadel, both of which the women have occupied. When the men light a fire below the walls of the Akropolis, smoke pours out of the bundle of sticks, making it appear as if a fire has really been ignited. Fortunately the women are ready and the fire is extinguished and the men all doused with water, which is portrayed well with buckets and actions that look as if the men are being driven away by the water. When Kinesias comes to see Myrrhine, and they head off to Pan's cave, the stage lighting is dimmed to give the effect of the darkness of being in a cave. The most strikingly visual use of stage props is the appearance of larger than life erect phalluses under the tunics of all the male main cha racters during the second half of the play. These seemingly grotesque male members serve to symbolize the frustration of the men. However, they are also a symbol of how the men's political power has been superceded by the primitive urge for sex, and how the women now hold power over the men. The statue, which is on the platform, is dressed in armor and symbolizes the war. The shield is taken by the women to be used for the purpose of swearing their oath, but they quickly realize that they cannot swear for peace on a shield used for war. This warrior statue disappears at the end of the play, reappearing as a female, the statue of PEACE, considerably shapelier and more enticing to the men. The characters presented the most impressive visual component. Lysistrata was portrayed perfectly as a down-to-earth woman who has had enough of war and is willing to lead a revolution to end it. Most of the rest of the women are portrayed as being frothy little things, more interested in clothing, shopping and sex, interests which Lysistrata feels that she can employ to bring about the change in the men's attitudes. The costumes on the main characters evoked the image of the time, and helped to define the characters. Both the members of the female chorus and the male chorus are dressed in white, to keep them separate in our minds from the main characters of the story. However, they are employed in such a way in the play as to explain a lot of the story to us by carrying a lot of the action and dialogue of the altercations between the sexes. The main characters employed a number of acting techniques to convey the images of the play. Lampito carries herself differently and speaks with an accent, and although she is dressed somewhat the same as the other women, we realize that she comes from Sparta. The Magistrate struts on to the stage, accompanied by a constable, only to be harassed and ultimately humiliated by the women, who will not be arrested. They turn the tables on the constable by tying him up with his own rope, and then send the magistrate and the constable packing. Comic moments happen when the desperate-for-sex women try to sneak away from the Citadel and are caught by Lysistrata.

How to Organize a Research Paper

How to Organize a Research Paper Organizing a research paper has always been a tricky business. Many students are stumbled upon this problem, and have no knowledge how to organize a research paper, with great quality and make it look structured, logical, profound, well balanced and complete. This article will try to help you organize a good research paper, spending minimum time on the organization process, and spending maximum time on the activities you really should spend your time. Just follow these steps how to organize a great research paper, and you will learn how to organize a research paper with minimum time and efforts. Structuring a research paper is the second step in writing a research paper, and takes a lot of time out of a student. If a student keeps in mind the structure he needs to create, he will not be having any difficulties with organizing a research paper in future. Structuring and organizing a research paper is the same as writing a classification essay. The main and most powerful tools are categorization, classification, step by step thinking as well as developing a logical and methodical algorithm. As soon as you will be able to develop a good algorithm in explaining your thoughts, decisions, ideas and theses statements in your research paper – youll immediately understand how to organize a research paper without any problems nor difficulties, whatsoever. The first thing you have to remember, when thinking on how to organize a research paper is to carry out the main idea of your research paper. You have to define clearly the main point of your research paper, what you want to stress in your research paper and what you might want to tone down. After you have decided of the main point – you get a bit closer to get the idea on how to organize a research paper properly and with the best quality. The most important part in organizing your research paper is to keep a clear string of your main point, main idea, and all the most important things you would prefer to accent in your research paper. Whenever you are forced to organize a research paper – you should always think of these simple tips on how to organize a research paper, and everything will come out eventually. Every research paper is an individual piece of hard work. Each research paper has its own outline, structure, and basically, its own method of organization. This article can only give your vague research paper tips on how to organize a research paper, and you have to get the more detailed stuff yourself.

How to Combine Arrays in Ruby

How to Combine Arrays in Ruby What is the best way to combine arrays? This question is quite vague and can mean a few different things. Concatenation Concatenation is to append one thing to another. For example, concatenating the arrays [1,2,3] and [4,5,6] will give you [1,2,3,4,5,6]. This can be done in a few ways in Ruby. The first is the plus operator. This will append one array to the end of another, creating a third array with the elements of both. Alternatively, use the concat method (the operator and concat method are functionally equivalent). If youre doing a lot of these operations you may wish to avoid this. Object creation is not free, and every one of these operations creates a third array. If you want to modify an array in place, making it longer with new elements you can use the operator. However, if you try something like this, youll get an unexpected result. Instead of the expected [1,2,3,4,5,6] array we get [1,2,3,[4,5,6]]. This makes sense, the append operator takes the object you give it and appends it to the end of the array. It didnt know or care that you tried to append another array to the array. So we can loop over it ourselves. Set Operations The world combine can also be used to describe the set operations. The basic set operations of intersection, union, and difference are available in Ruby. Remember that sets describe a set of objects (or in mathematics, numbers) that are unique in that set. For example, if you were to do a set operation on the array [1,1,2,3] Ruby will filter out that second 1, even though 1 may be in the resulting set. So be aware that these set operations are different than list operations. Sets and lists are fundamentally different things. You can take the union of two sets using the | operator. This is the or operator, if an element is in one set or the other, its in the resulting set. So the result of [1,2,3] | [3,4,5] is [1,2,3,4,5] (remember that even though there are two threes, this is a set operation, not a list operation). The intersection of two sets is another way to combine two sets. Instead of an or operation, the intersection of two sets is an and operation. The elements of the resultant set are those in both sets. And, being an and operation, we use the operator. So the result of [1,2,3] [3,4,5] is simply [3]. Finally, another way to combine two sets is to take their difference. The difference of two sets is the set of all objects in the first set that is not in the second set. So [1,2,3] - [3,4,5] is [1,2]. Zipping Finally, there is zipping. Two arrays can be zipped together combining them in a rather unique way. Its best to just show it first, and explain after. The result of [1,2,3].zip([3,4,5]) is [ [1,3], [2,4], [3,5] ]. So what happened here? The two arrays were combined, the first element being a list of all elements in the first position of both arrays. Zipping is a bit of a strange operation and you may not find much use for it. Its purpose is to combine two arrays whose elements closely correlate.

Social Responsibility Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Responsibility - Research Paper Example Organizations that follow CSR policies recognize their responsibility towards the society in which they operate. Although they operate with profit motives, their sole objective behind running the business is not maximizing profit. A company cannot run without the support of the community and it can only grow when it takes such steps that would improvise the status of the society as a whole. Every organization feels an obligation towards fulfilling the demands and well being of its customers, welfare of its employees, profit of shareholders and the interests of the whole community (Hassan & Harahap, 2010). Besides, the company also has a responsibility towards the environment. They have to make ecological considerations in all their operations. It is a big responsibility for socially responsible organizations to reduce their ecological footprints and make more environmentally friendly activities. Managers that develop their business policies by synchronizing their objectives with prin ciples related to these aspects, finds success in making socially responsible moves. Social responsibility of corporate organizations Concern towards CSR is rising fast among the companies operating in the gulf countries. A number of ways have been devised to make the socially concerned organizations operate in socially responsible way. Research shows that organizations in UAE base their CSR activities on the four pillars strategic governance, human capital, shareholder capital and environment (Hancock, 2005). The companies dedicate a portion of their profit for the funding of art and culture in different countries, for providing academic scholarship to less advantaged students belonging to the grass root level in the society and for supporting any type of community-building initiative (Du, 2013). The theory of CSR links closely with the concept of Sustainable Development (Shahwan & Hassan, 2013). According to this concept, enterprises are supposed to make their decisions on the bas is of short term financial factors as well as long term factors that have deep environmental consequences. It is strongly believed that while short term profits or dividends allow the company to occupy good market position in the short run, in the long run, companies can become successful by making holistic moves towards the development of the entire society in which it is operating (Hassan, 2009). For achieving this end, organizations have to look after the environmental cost of their activities. Four important arenas that companies should look after while making socially responsible action, besides presentation of environment are human rights, labor rights and anti corruption. CSR practices in UAE Organizations based in UAE are actively thinking about their CSR initiatives. These are aimed at a number of purposes. Some of the most important objectives of practicing CSR activities by the companies are building community relationships, enhancing living standards of the population of the country and also helping the people of the country defend themselves against natural calamities. Various companies in the Emirates take socially responsible actions in the form of â€Å"social marketing projects† (Flynn, 2012). Corporate managers in the country demonstrate high level of responsibility towards the society.

Human resource management ( HRM in spain) Essay

Human resource management ( HRM in spain) - Essay Example For instance, Anglo-Saxons consider management ability depending on interpersonal skills, while the French consider the most intellectual individuals as the best managers. On the other hand, Germans argue that good management is a function of formal authority (Valle, Martin, and Romero, 2001:249). In this regard therefore, it is evident that organizations all over the world are adopting global practices, but in many cases, they do so in nation-specific ways. Based on the General Motors case study in Spain, this paper seeks to provide a report on the international human resource management in Spain. The report covers the institutional context that influence human resource practices in that country, essentially focusing on the laws, employer organizations, trade unions, training an education system, and other relevant issues (Ferner, Quintanilla, and Varul, M.Z. 2001:116). Moreover, the report covers the current human resource management trend in the country based on relevant case stud ies. Overview of Spain Based on Hofstede analysis, Spain ranks high in uncertainty avoidance and low in masculinity score. This results from the Spaniards feelings concerning career security, rules, and regulation. The Spanish history in relation to human resource management traces back to the second half of the twentieth century. It is not after the death of General Franco and the subsequent collapse of his regime did the economy of Spain come into focus. The Spaniards looked upon their leader to lead then to democracy and the European Union. In those times, only a fraction of the labor market had employment. According to statistics, the levels of unemployment reached record highs in 1965, skyrocketing to about 38.5% (Perllow and Weeks, 2002:347). In the 80’s however, the levels reduced by about 5% to stand at 33.5%. Comparing these levels to other European states, Spain had the lowest level of employed women, accounting for only 18% of the entire women population in the cou ntry. Italy had an average of 25% and between 30% and 40% in northern Europe. PESTLE Analysis of Spain Political Spain adapts a kingdom type of state. The country has a constitutional monarchy primarily based on parliament democracy. Moreover, power is highly decentralized, with autonomous communities having a high legislative level. Furthermore, the country enjoys a fiscal and executive autonomy. After the restoration of political democracy in 1975 following the death of General Franco, the country has generally displayed stable leadership and democracy (Combs and Luthans, 2007:111). Economical The Spanish economy was already recording significant recovery by 2004 from the financial crisis, recording a 2.4% growth. This was 2% higher than the previous year and 7% higher than the recorded levels in 2002. According to statistics, the highest unemployment record in recent times was that of 2000, but dropped to about 10.8% in 2004. Additionally, overall employment rate grew by 1.6%, wi th unemployment levels dropping by 3.5%. Spain seeks to promote employment in line with the European Union Directives. Nonetheless, the European Union directive merely present a framework for guiding human resource practices, but does not offer maximum protection to the equality and rights of employees in the work place (Lam, Chen and Schaubroeck, 2002:907). The local legislation that currently exist act as the

Describe and Evaluate two theories of the formation of romantic relationships Essay Example for Free

Describe and Evaluate two theories of the formation of romantic relationships Essay In 1970 Byrne and Clore introduced the reward/ need satisfaction theory for the formation of relationships. They suggested that we are attracted to individuals whose presence is rewarding for us, and that naturally we find stimuli rewarding if it meets an unmet need; the more rewards someone provides for us, the more we should be attracted to them. They believed that the formation if relationships was linked with the idea of classical and operant conditioning, with operant conditioning we are likely to repeat behaviours that leads to a desirable outcome and avoid behaviours that lead to undesirable ones, so we enter the relationships because the presence of some individuals is directly associated with reinforcement, making us have positive feelings, which makes them more attractive to us. For classical conditioning, we tend to prefer people who we associate with pleasant event, so for example if we meet someone somewhere where we are having a good time, then we will associate this person with this good time and find them more attractive in the long run. Byrne and Clore believed that the balance between positive and negative feelings in a relationship was crucial as relationships where the positive outweigh negative feelings were more likely to develop and succeed. Griffitt and Guay (1969), participants were evaluated on a creative task by an experimenter and then asked to rate how much they liked the experimenter. The rating was highest when the experimenter had positively evaluated the participant’s performance on the task. This study supports the claim that we like people who are associated with pleasant events. This provides strong support that similarity is important in attraction, but also highlights reciprocal liking also is factor in the formation of relationships; however this may not be the only factor influencing this. The experiment was only of an imaginary description, the participant is unlikely to truly demonstrate how they feel towards the stranger. The experiment doesnt demonstrate interaction of people, but rather just presents a statement about them, which reduces how far conclusions can be drawn. Although similarity may be a factor, how people socially interact is also important to how a person perceives another. In a laboratory experiment, Lehr and Gehr (2006) studied participants of both sexes to test the importance of reciprocal liking. Knowing that someone likes you is particularly rewarding and so is more likely to end up in mutual liking. Participants were given a description of a stranger, with varying degrees of similarity of the strangers attitude to the participants. In each description was a statement that the stranger either liked or did not like the participant. Researchers found significant effects for attitude similarity and liking. However this study doesn’t have ecological validity from where it was done in a lab setting and didn’t reflect real life situation or conditions However Cate et al (1982) asked 337 individuals to assess their current relationships in terms of reward level and satisfaction. Results showed that reward level was superior to all other factors in determining relationship satisfaction, however this theory only explores the receiving of rewards, the results may not be completely accurate though as some people may have picked the socially desirable answers. These studies all ignore natures influence on attraction and that it is to some extent an evolutionary need to have a partner that meets physical requirements. This model may be very culturally bound as all the studies done were in the western world’s individualistic cultures. In other cultures one partner may not expect rewards and may be entirely giving, or arranges marriages will also go against this theory as the long term is made to happen. For example, Lott (1994) suggests that in many cultures women are more focused on the needs of others rather than receiving reinforcement. This suggests that this theory is not a universal explanation of relationship formation and therefore culturally biased. However, this theory is supported by another theory on how relationships are formed Byrne, Clore and Smeatons Similarity Theory (1986) states that it is important that people are similar in order to be able to form a relationship. They theorise that there are two stages to deciding who to seek relations with first we sort out the people most dissimilar to us and secondly then seek out those who are most similar. Caspi and Herbener found that in married couples, those who were the happiest were those with the most similar personality traits.

Huck Finn: The Twisting Tides Of Portrayal - Racism Essay -- essays re

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In recent years, there has been increasing discussion of the seemingly racist ideas expressed by Mark Twain in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In some cases, the novel has been banned by public school systems and even censored by public libraries. Along with the excessive use of the word, â€Å"nigger,† the basis for this blatant censorship has been the portrayal of one of the main characters in Huck Finn, Jim, a black slave who runs away from his owner, Miss Watson. At several points in the novel, Jim's character is described to the reader, and some people have looked upon the presented characterization as racist. However, before one begins to censor a novel it important to distinguish the ideas of the author from the ideas of his characters. It is also important to read carefully to sufficiently capture the underlying themes of a novel. If one were to do this in relation to Huck Finn, one would, without a doubt, realize that it is not racist and is, in fact, anti-slavery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On an superficial level The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn might appear to be racist. The first time we meet Jim he is given a very negative description. The reader is told that Jim is illiterate, childlike, not very bright, and extremely superstitious. However, it is important not to lose sight of who is giving this description and who it is being given to. Although Huck is not a racist child, he has been raised by extremely racist individuals w...

Benjamin Franklin

Preview Main Ideas: My speech is going to consist of some of his background which lead him to become the person he was, the role he played in U. S history, and some of his inventions that helped us come a long way. Body l. Main Idea: Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, of 1706 and was one of seventeen children. Although Benjamin did not get much schooling, he enjoyed to read and write. He would them become an apprentice to his older brother James, who was a printer, composing pamphlets and selling them to the people. When Ben as only 15, his older brother had his own newspaper but wouldn't allow Ben to write for it.He was only an apprentice. The only way to get on that paper was to make up a name, which was â€Å"Silence Dogood†, and send his letters at night so he remained unknown. After some letters he finally admitted to being the owner of those letters which got James angry and Jealous. Once Benjamin could no longer take his brothers harassment he ran away to Philade lphia in 1723. In Philadelphia Ben found Jobs as a helper for many printers until he finally opened his own business. Once his business icked up and was able to retire, he then focused on science, experiments, and inventions which brings me to my next point.II. Main Idea: Franklin invented many things like bifocals, â€Å"the Franklin stove†, a flexible catheter, an odometer, a lightning rod and many more. He also had important concepts in meteorology and refrigeration. We do not take into consideration that many of these things have influenced other innovations that we have today therefore you must think of these inventions as roots. Many people use glasses to enhance their vision and you can thank Mr. Benjamin Franklin. I'm sure todays stoves and ovens are an evolution of his for all you cooks and bakers out there.People who suffer from kidney stones have to deal with a tremendous amount of pain, and back then the catheters were rigid, but again thanks to Ben with his flexi ble catheter it has eased some pain. Franklin did not necessarily invent the odometer as it dates back to the ancient times but he tweaked it to his own version and attached it by the wheel and rigged it to give him his this invention was placed on top of houses and building so that when lighting hits it oes down the rod connected to wires into the ground making the lighting harmless.And lastly Benjamin Franklin is an important man in political American history Ill. Main Idea: As he got older, politics became an interest to him. Franklin was a colonial representative for Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, and Massachusetts. He soon became a great leader in the American Revolution and started making his way to independence with many other breaking away from Great Britain. Franklin was elected to the Second Continental Congress and worked on a committee of five that elped to draft the Declaration of Independence. Although most of the writing of the Declaration of Independence is Thoma s Jefferson much of the contribution is Franklins. † As said in History. org Benjamin Franklin also helped write the Constitution of the United States which were laws for the new country. He went through a lot along with many other famous American figures to get us to where we are at, in a nation of freedom. Conclusion l. Summary/Recap Main Ideas : I have told you about Franklins a little about Franklins ackground, his inventions, and what he has done to make the country what it is today. Benjamin Franklin At the age of ten, his formal cooling had ended and his new life of self- taught knowledge began. He left Boston and devoted his time to books, becoming his older brother's apprentice In a Philadelphia printing store. By this time outrage against the British control was on an upswing and revolutionary liberal thought was in the air. This atmosphere created a space for innovative and forward thinkers Just like Franklin. Leaders emerged from the rough not because they climbed the verbal ladder to success but because it was necessary to fill the empty rolls of leadership In the new American society.America was calling for a new wave of forward thinkers and untapped potential In the new world's best leaders. Benjamin Franklins life story is a testament to this. His inept potential was arguably not uncommon but the situation and life he was apart of facilitated his rise from humble beginnings to one of the most historically significant American dreamers to date. His autobiography gives in sight to his life. An â€Å"important aspect of the American Dream theme in the Autobiography is the rise from Impotence to importance, from dependence to Independence, from helplessness to power. † O_ A.Leo Lemma 351) Though Benjamin Franklin Is the face of American innovation had he not the support of powerful individuals and progressiveness of the world in which he lived the innovative American environment would have produced another progressive thinker to fuel the flame of progression through innovation equally as renowned to his historical stature. (American Environment at the time provided all supplies needed for a man Like BE to become a legend. ) (America made BE, BE didn't make America. ) Environment- Ben Franklin was a leader not unorthodox to have untraditional educationLife of the normal 18th century colonist was fraught with an uneven match of control from Britain such as the Stamp Act and Tea tax that citizens of the new world were In complete support of break i n relationship from control of Britain. Free market systems were heavily encouraged In the U. S. During this time. The general education of the population of this time was minimal. Young Benjamin was brought up by a humble household who had the goal and aspirations of sending their youngest son to Harvard for the goal of going into the ministry.This fell flat due to finical reasons, UT during this time a formal education was not commonplace. Real ‘higher level' education was just being developed under the new government in the U. S. During the sass's, literacy rates were as high as ever being at 75% of all males and 65% for very uncommon due to modern day rules and regulations but this was definitely not the case in the early sass's. Benjamin Franklin is a great example of the fact that one does not need a formal education to succeed, and also another influential person whom Benjamin Franklin knew during this time also did not have a formal education as Thomas Edison.He ended up being home-schooled primarily and then eventually Joined the railroad at the age of 12, so during this time a formal education was not something that was absolutely necessary. Relationships w/ innovators- flourishing in environment through relationships he was supplied w/ money and power, giving him a sense of worth and importance that allowed him to bring his innovations into fruition. During this time of progression Benjamin Franklin was not alone in his felt of changing traditional thought.Throughout his life he made it a point to seek out other individuals of importance and power to allow him to be among men that will create change in traditional thought. Among these men were John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, and James Madison who will later be called the forefathers of America. Provided these relationships that Franklin created it gave him the support that was necessary for his innovations to be known (celebrity). He carefully and deliberately became friends w ith wealthy and powerful people to elevate his social status. Quote) Counterargument- BE as a person- Proportioning self-improvement set him apart from nee Americans. Even in today's society he was revered for his scientific studies + forward thinking. He wasn't exceptional Just for his name. Conclusion- People born into poverty, given everything but can't follow through opportunity to shine/ creatively suppressed, not supported be of way of the world is in a dif environment. Restate thesis Throughout Benjamin Franklins life one can see a constant feeling or urge to better himself.He was brought up in a time when there were many new ideas and free-thinking liberties to be had, and Benjamin took full advantage of them. From his mumble beginnings, Franklin created wealth and prosperity for himself. An important aspect of the American Dream theme in the Autobiography is the rise from impotence to importance, from dependence to independence, from helplessness to power. † 0. A. Leo Lemma 351) Americans revere Benjamin Franklin as one of the most prolific minds of the modern age. But he came from a very meager family.He was born the 1 lath son of the family to a chandler and a housewife. He was pushed very much to become a priest and go to Harvard which would prepare him for the ministry, but his mother and father loud not financially afford for him to attend. He also had his own skepticism about his faith which clouted his ambitions. He reconsidered and decided at the age of 12 to attend another school for basic reading and writing. Around this time Benjamin showed a great interest in books and he ended being arranged as an apprentice under his brother at a printer.His life was created by these books and printing were Just the beginning. Throughout his childhood he became very much interested in learning new things picking up the violin, the guitar and other instruments. He taught himself German, French, and Latin. Through his work-ethic he advised more and m ore Franklins young life: Franklin as starting out on his own: Becoming more influential: thinking. The â€Å"New World† was being created as Benjamin grew, and with that, offered many incredible opportunities to him or to anyone who was bold enough to grasp them.Franklin was no ordinary man. Throughout his life he focused all of his efforts on becoming the best person he could be. Growing up the son of a poor chandler and soap maker he committed himself to becoming a wise learned mind, focusing mentally, physically, and philosophically. Granted, through his time and effort described in his autobiography he created many great situations for himself to develop into one of the wisest minds of the modern thought, but he tended to fall into many situations where he seemed to be in the right place at the right time.During this period of progression the leaders of this new world were being brought out to the fore-front, even if they seems not to be deserving of the role. Benjamin F ranklin poses the essence of the â€Å"self-made† man. Throughout his autobiography he shows us that it isn't always the position that you were born in that creates who we re, but instead, it is our outright curiosity and work-ethic that helps us travel through life and will potentially/eventually lead us to power/wealth/happiness/life satisfaction.An â€Å"important aspect of the American dream theme in the Autobiography is the rise from impotence to importance, from dependence to independence, from helplessness to power. † 0. A. Leo Lemma) Ben Franklin was not completely unaided in his endeavors. He worked incredibly hard for self- improvement and to better himself, but he Just seemed to continually be in the right place at the right time. Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin made the proposition that his friends and himself consider pooling together their respective books in a common place to facilitate ease and convenience of use by all members. Franklin made this suggestion at a meeting that his Book Club was having at Mr. Grace’s house. In explaining the rationale behind his proposal, Franklin added that by placing the books at a single central location, all the members would have the opportunity of having access to every other book that is owned by their colleagues.After considering this suggestion, Franklins’ Book Club members agreed to it. Consequently, each member brought their books until an entire room was completely filled up with various books. Afterwards, following the apparent halting of the aforementioned book pooling arrangement, Franklin began organizing for the setting up of a subscription library. This entity was soon registered in the name of North American subscription libraries, thus marking the genesi s if the library. The following quote illustrates this process.‘About this time, our club meeting, not at a tavern, but in a little room of Mr. Grace's, set apart for that purpose, a proposition was made by me, that, since our books were often referr'd to in our disquisitions upon the queries, it might be convenient to us to have them altogether where we met, that upon occasion they might be consulted; and by thus clubbing our books to a common library, we should, while we lik'd to keep them together, have each of us the advantage of using the books of all the other members, which would be nearly as beneficial as if each owned the whole.It was lik'd and agreed to, and we fill'd one end of the room with such books as we could best spare’ (Franklin, 2006). Following the establishment of the library, Franklin as well as his society was able to engage each other on a more informed level. This is because as members read their colleagues’ books, they developed relevant questions that were presented to those colleagues, thus enhancing academic discourse. Explain Franklin's quest for moral perfection. What process did he use?How successful was he? Which virtues did he find the most challenging to maintain? What was meant by his saying, â€Å"a speckled ax is best? By the term ‘moral perfection,’ Franklin meant the quality of always being able to avoid being engaged in evil things. In addition, the phrase has to do with the humanly habit of always doing what is good or righteous. The succeeding statement illustrates this concept. ‘It was about this time I conceiv'd the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection.I wish'd to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into’ (Icon Reference, 2006). Considering the arduous process through which Franklin went as he pursued ‘moral perfection,’ I should say that he recorded considerable success in his quest. For instance, he noted that authors and commentators had lumped together numerous words to describe various virtues, thus making the virtues’ meanings blurred. He thus simplified the virtues by having succinct explanations for each.It is thus evident that Franklin was significantly successful in this endeavor. Franklin found maintaining the virtue of temperance very demanding sine eternal vigilance was required in order to ward off the numerous temptations that keep occurring. By the ‘a speckled ax is best’ phrase, Franklin meant that it is better for someone to be seen to be trying to observe morality despite the many impediments than for one to completely give in to evil inclinations. By struggling against evil, a person will have both bad and good faces, a situation that Franklin lauded.Was Franklin a religious man? Why, or why not? Provide specific evidence to support your conclusions. Based on his discourse as it i s presented through his autobiography, Franklin was a man who valued and respected religious ideas. For example, as he describes his experiences while in England, Franklin mentions a certain traveling doctor who maliciously distorted the Bible’s message. Considering the bad character that Franklin attributes to this doctor, it is evident that Franklin was a spiritual man.To illustrate, Franklin terms the doctor as ‘an unbeliever’ and a ‘wicked’ man. Such negative terms show that Franklin was unenthusiastic towards this malicious doctor primarily based on what the doctor did to the Bible. This viewpoint, through which Franklin explains his displeasure with the doctor’s action, shows that Franklin had religious roots. The succeeding phrase explains this idea. I imagine, an itinerant doctor, for there was no town in England, or country in Europe, of which he could not give a very particular account.He had some letters, and was ingenious, but much of an unbeliever, and wickedly undertook, some years after, to travestie the Bible in doggrel verse, as Cotton had done Vir gil. By this means he set many of the facts in a very ridiculous light, and might have hurt weak minds if his work had been published; but it never was (Bigelow, 2009). Further, Franklin mentions that he observed the Christian Lent ritual, thus showing that he had religious foundations. This concept is evident from the fact that Lent is usually celebrated by Christians, especially the Roman Catholic believers.The ‘I have since kept several Lents most strictly, leaving the common diet for that, and that for the common, abruptly, without the least inconvenience’ illustrates this religious inclination (Franklin, 2006). References Bigelow, J. (2009). The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar, LLC. Franklin B. (2006). The autobiography of Ben Franklin. Sioux Falls, SD: NuVision Publications, LLC. Icon Reference. (2006). The a utobiography of Benjamin Franklin (Webster's Spanish Thesaurus Edition). San Diego, CA: ICON Group International, Incorporated.

Darryl Hunt Death Penalty

My view upon death penalty before watching the video about Darryl hunt’s case, was strongly against it. I truly believe that we have no say in who is to take someone’s life. Who are we to decide who lives or dies? There is no standard that we can place on someone’s life, to determine their existence in this world. Life is a precious gift, no matter how cruel the crime may be that the person being accused of committing the crime. I strongly believe that incarceration for the reminder of their life is in my view, the most extreme decision as a society to make in determining an individuals future. After reviewing the Darryl Hunt Case, I strongly believe that the justice system went wrong when it came to Darryl Hunt’s Case. From the start, the justice system faltered in backing up the meaning of â€Å"all men are created equal. † Darryl Hunt was tried as a â€Å"Black Man† with an all white jury. He was not looked upon as a man that stood before the jury who was being accused of a crime that he pleads his innocence. He was judged as a black man that must be a criminal because of his ethnicity and his innocence that he pleaded was nothing but a lie to their ears. He was judged solely on the color of his skin, racism took over the minds of they juries an the charges they found him guilty on. It was honestly all down hill from the start. Multiple denies on appeals that Darryl filed, even after DNA diagnostics had proven that Darryl Hunt did not committee the crime that he was being held accountable for, The justice system turned away an failed to even allow the thought that this man is innocent and should be free even cross their mind. After the Man finally was caught who confessed to the crime that Darryl hunt was being accused of, Darryl was released to freedom, hat should have been given back to him from the beginning of the racial, judgmental, ignorant minded individuals who took part in taking away 20 years of this innocent mans life. I feel the death penalty should be abolished. As a Society, we are constantly changing, and re-defining the right an wrongs that we hold ourselves too. Who are we to take a life from someone, no matter the cr ime. Believing that playing â€Å"God† can be justified by society, is just as ignorant as having hope in the justice system will be perfect one day.

Movies on Patriotic theme essays

Movies on Patriotic theme essays The economic downturns of the Great Depression contributed to the countys fascination with gangster genres. As Americans lost their jobs or saw their farms foreclosed on by the once admired establishment or banking system; with public endorsement gangsters descended in spirit from Americas frontier outlaws such as the James Gang, and led by desperadoes like Pretty Boy Floyd, Baby Face Nelson, and Machine Gun Kellyrose up to assault the system. Because of Prohibition, the Great Depression and World War II, gangsters became the modern gunslingers and outlaws. The gangster saga replaced the Western as the American myth. It told the story of modern America. Young Americans enjoyed watching gangster films during the 1930s. Before President Roosevelts New Deal, gangsters were without doubt the American cinemas most striking heroes. The film industrys love affair with members of criminal gangs was only natural, they were colorful, violent, and charismatic men and women whose law-breaking ac tivities were followed by millions of law abiding Americans. But when brought to the screen, gangster films more than any other Hollywood genre created problems not only for the usual censorship lobbies but also for judges, lawyers, teachers, policemen, mayors, newspapers, and local councilors. Many respectable citizens believed that gangster films based on the lives and activities of Prohibition-era criminals, led to an increase in juvenile delinquency and accused Hollywood of delivering impressionable youth into a career of crime. The harmful effects of fast-moving and exciting gangster films on young cinema patrons thus became a prominent concern of those eager to control and censor this pervasive new mass medium. After a series of sex scandals rocked the American film industry, in 1922 Hollywoods Jewish moguls hired a midwestern Presbyterian gentleman and influential Republican William Harrison Hays, former Postmast...

Hark, the Herald Angels Sing in Spanish

Hark, the Herald Angels Sing in Spanish Hark, the Herald Angels Sing is one of the hundreds of hymns written by Englishman Charles Wesley  in the 19th century. This song has been modified over the many years since; here are Spanish lyrics for two of the verses: Escuchad el son triunfal Escuchad el son triunfal de la hueste celestial:Paz y buena voluntad; salvacià ³n Dios os dar.Cante hoy toda nacià ³n la angelical cancià ³n;estas nuevas todos den: Nacià ³ Cristo en Belà ©n.  ¡Salve, Prà ­ncipe de Paz! Redencià ³n traà ­do has,luz y vida con virtud, en tus alas la salud.De tu trono has bajado y la muerte conquistadopara dar al ser mortal nacimiento celestial. English Translation of the Spanish Lyrics Listen to the triumphal sound of the celestial host:Peace and good will; God will give us salvation.Each nation, sing today the angelical song;Give this good news: Christ was born in Bethlehem. Hail, Prince of Peace! Redemption you have broughtLight and life with virtue, health in your wings.You have come down from your throne and conquered deathit order to give celestial birth to the mortal being. Translation Notes escuchad: If youve studied only Latin American Spanish, you may not know this verb form well. Its the second-person plural familiar imperative (command) form of escuchar, the form that goes with vosotros. This word, then, means you (plural) listen or simply listen. el son: This isnt related to son the verb, but is a word meaning sound. In everyday speech, youre far more likely to heard the word sonido. de: De is one of the most common of Spanish prepositions. It is almost always translated as of or from; either translation would work here. la hueste: This uncommon word has the same meaning as the English cognate host in the context of this song. In current usage, las huestes is a bit more common as a way of saying the army forces. buena voluntad: Goodwill. os dar: Os is an object pronoun meaning you (plural) that youll hear mostly in Spain, very little in Latin America, although it is still commonly used in Latin America for liturgical use. So salvacià ³n Dios os dar means God will give you salvation. cante: Cante here is a subjunctive form of cantar, to sing. Cante hoy cada nacià ³n could be translated as may each nation sing. toda: Toda is the feminine singular form of todo. In singular form, todo typically is the equivalent of each; as plural, it usually means all.: estas nuevas: Nuevas is one way of saying news, so estas nuevas would be this news. The word is plural even though it translates as singular in Spanish. den: This is a plural command or plural present subjunctive form of dar, to give. estas nuevas todos den: This sentence uses an inverted word order, which is fairly common in song lyrics and poetry. This sentence could be translated as may all give the good news. Belà ©n: The Spanish name for Bethlehem. It is not uncommon for cities, especially those known centuries ago, to have different names in different languages. salve: In this song, salve is an interjection of greeting, meaning something like Hail! in English. Redencià ³n traà ­do has: Another case of inverted word order. The typical structure would be Has traà ­do redencià ³n, you have brought redemption. Note that this verse is sung to the savior rather than about the savior as in the English version of the hymn. ala: An ala is a wing, as of a bird. This is a metaphorical usage here; en tus alas la salud could very loosely be translated as with healing on your wings. trono: Throne. has bajado: You have come down. Bajado here is an example of a past participle. la muerte conquistado: Another inverted word order. In normal speech, has conquistado la muerte would be more common for you have conquered death. Conquistado here is also a past participle. para: Para is a common preposition that is sometimes used to indicate the purpose or utility of a thing or action. As such, it sometimes is translated as in order to.   ser: Here, ser is functioning as a noun meaning being rather than a verb meaning to be. In Spanish, most infinitives can function as nouns. nacimiento: Birth. Nacimiento is a noun form of nacer, to be born.

Research paper draft 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Draft 3 - Research Paper Example It is actually marked by an increase in communication and getting in touch with with the rest of the world which in turn brings things such as movie theater running water, electricity and railroad. The characters survive on earth that is believed not to exist, while outside features of which they are not aware determine their future. The world in this novel is characterized by cyclical and repetitions. The important of the world in this novel is that it insightfully explores the role played by historical awareness on the part of the people living on the occasion. Additionally, it depicts the role that it may take in determining any history. During that time Macondo was a village of approximately twenty houses, built on the bank of a river of clean water. For that reason many things than were within this village were deficient in names and it was necessary to point when indicating anything. As illustrated in the book, the elements of structure, form and theme relate and correspond with each other cohesively. The novel’s subversive function is derived by the dialectic synthesis of imaginary and real phenomenon together with the actual and potential mythological vision of Macondo. The author Garcia Marquez attempts to reflect contradictions witnessed in the past century on historical development of the capitalist society as the central theme, solitude, illustrates the Marxist conception of alienation. This is defined as experiencing the world passively in form of a subject separated from the object (Garcia, 380). The characters in One Hundred Years of Solitude are in touch with themselves indirectly and are completely isolated from humanity. This implies that the Buendia family lack Mark’s view of species consciousness. The individuals are not only alienated from other men and women but also from humanity itself. Characters try to establish alien power over others in

Fadiamn book, The spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Essay

Fadiamn book, The spirit Catches You and You Fall Down - Essay Example Their different approaches and beliefs to Lia Lee’s condition, the miscommunication between the parents and the doctors, partly because of the language barrier, and her parents’ refusal to administer the medication leads to worsening of the condition that leaves Lia Lee brain dead. Since the Hmong culture believed that illness was practically a matter of spirituality and sacrifices, they did not take their daughter to the hospital for diagnosis. It was only after several seizures that they decided to take her to the hospital. The American doctors diagnosed Lia with epilepsy and gave her medication to manage the condition. The parents reluctantly agree to administer the medication but over the next four years, the anticonvulsants do not take effect as the doctors keep changing her prescriptions. This causes Lia Lees parents to doubt the effectiveness of the medication and consequently refuse to administer the drugs to Lia. This decision makes the American doctors take ac tion against Lia’s parents and place Lia in foster care where she could be given the drugs and hopefully get better. However a few months after returning home, Lai has a massive seizure that leaves her brain dead. With death imminent, the doctors allow her to be taken home by her parents, who were still hopeful that they would be able to unite Lia’s soul with her body and hence were organizing a pig sacrifice that was part of the Hmong’s rituals for uniting souls to their bodies. There is an evident cultural dissonance in regards to the Hmong’s view of sicknesses as tied to their culture and the American medical culture. The Hmong tie sicknesses to spirituality and believe that sicknesses are a result of an individual’s soul leaving its body and keep wondering after being possessed by spirits. In order to unite the wondering spirit with its body, the spirit has to be appeased by offering pig

Sustainable Management Futures. Free Markets and Governments Essay

Sustainable Management Futures. Free Markets and Governments - Essay Example Some scholars go to the extent that the government shouldn’t even engage in public spending on health, education and other necessities. ( Reisman, J., 1998) With such a non-egalitarian orientation, the government’s role in a free market system is confined to the role of a spectator while the market ensures that the efficient businessmen are rewarded with profits. -THE SOCIAL COSTS OF THE INVISIBLE HAND Classical economists such as Adam Smith claim that a free market is bound to create growth, that the invisible hand in an unregulated market fosters growth of efficient market mechanisms. Even after almost three centuries having passed by after the evolution of this notion, the free market is still deemed as an ideal model, but its promised benefits to society are now being viewed as rather utopian in nature. The dynamics of an unregulated free market are seen as quite reminiscent of Social Darwinism. The market favors the efficient few who own the means of production. ( Stiglitz, J., 2011) The free market functions in such a way that formation of separate classes is inevitable. Much attention has been paid to the rise of the industrial bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The former owning the means of production and making profits, while the former providing labor and earning wages. While the free market is said to have provided opportunities for both, the sheer magnitude of the unequal share of rewards has raised skepticism to the social benefits of a free market. -FREE MARKETS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD The recent global economic crisis is said to have been the result of unregulated free markets. The role of governments is now being brought into perspective again, as the government is the very entity that is assisting in stabilizing the markets with massive bailout packages. The enormous growth rates exhibited during the pre-recession period were phenomenal, but a retrospective analysis suggests that they were unsustainable. The major fuel for recent economic growth has been the availability of capital. Lenient credit policies have paved way for expanding markets but not much attention has been paid to the costs of such confidence based growth. The common man, encouraged by growth-driven corporations has increased consumption, with the assumption that incomes will rise simultaneously. This spiral might exist for a limited time, but when it stops, the market eventually collapses. Unregulated economic growth has led to the resurfacing of a plethora of subprime lending and major Ponzi schemes. (Stiglitz, J.,2011 ) Economic growth does in fact lead to improving social indicators. Ever since capitalism has become the popular form of economic governance around the world, per capita inflation-adjusted income has risen from $5,400 in 1980 to $8,500 in 2005. (Shleifer, A., 2009) While educational and health figures have improved, the north-south orientation of this growth has been noticed as well. While social indicators have improved i n some areas and strata of the population, other portions remain unaffected. For instance, the top 1% of the income earners in United States have 24% share in the overall incomes generated. (Timothy, N. 2010) -THE NEED OF A MEDIATOR- THE GOVERNMENT: The concept of a welfare state arises from the notion that the

The Concept Of Work Life Balance

The Concept Of Work Life Balance Abstract The concept of work-life balance has now become centre of attention for almost all companies, political institutions, research institutions, families, individuals and trade unions at both national and international level. Work life balance is an important topic in human resource management that means to combine work and life in a way, that both are achievable. Work life balance is generally related to role overload, time management, time pressure, job satisfaction, job stress, organizational commitment, life satisfaction, turnover, welfare, social security, working time, flexibility, family, fertility, (un)employment, migration, consumption, demographic changes, leisure time and so on. In this paper, work means paid work i.e. a person earns money by providing his/her services to the organization. Both work family balance and work life balance is same thing. Moreover, work life conflict and work family conflict are used interchangeably. We will discuss some relevant definitions, its i mportance in organization and in life of individual, antecedents and consequences of work life conflict, factors which help in creating work life balance, advantages of work life balance, cost of implementing its policies, some findings from literature, our recommendations and implications and in the end conclusion. From our literature we try to find some quantitative data about condition of work life balance in different countries but we were not able to get it. This paper is done mostly on qualitative data we get from different and renowned journal articles written by different prominent authors. Introduction Theres no such thing as work-life balance. There are work-life choices, and you make them, and they have consequences, stated by Jack Welsh, former General Electrics CEO and all-round business guru (Khallash Kruse, 2012, p. 682). The two most important domains of an individuals life are work and family and their interface has become centre of attention in the past two decades for researchers in the field of human resource management world-wide. The changing social structures arising out of dual career couples, single parent families, globalization, changes in the demands and patterns of work, an increasing number of parents with children care responsibilities, increasing number of women workforce and ageing parents all have contributed to escalating research in the area of work life balance. There is a need to integrate and balance family and career requirements otherwise work life balance is in jeopardy as a person is unable to perform his roles due to tiredness from work or family responsibilities hamper concentration at work (McCarthy et al., 2010; Valk Srinivasan, 2011). Work life conflict is opposite of work life balance, that can be either related to strain-based or time-based conflicts between work and life. There are two conflicting areas: (1) how work impacts on family life i.e. work-to-family conflict and (2) how family life impacts on work i.e. family-to-work conflict. But the net impact is same and that is Work life imbalance or conflict. Work-life balance is not primarily a womens issue as the principles equally apply to men (Pichler, 2008; Crompton Lyonette, 2006). This concept highly aims to encourage employees to adopt flexible working arrangements that can help them to achieve balance between their professional and private life. History of Work-Life Balance In 1986, the term Work-Life Balance was first identified, but its usage in everyday language was still sporadic for a certain number of years. Although, interestingly work-life programs existed in early years such as 1930, but people did not recognize them. Before the Second World War, the W.K. Kellogg Company created some flexible work hour shifts for their employees who replaced the traditional daily working hours, and the new shift resulted in increased employee efficiency and morale. In 1977, Rosabeth Moss Kanter, for the first time in his influential book, Work and Family in the United States: A Critical Review and Agenda for Research and Policy, raised the issue of Work-Life Balance and brought it to the forefront of organizations and research. This concept forces organizations to follow work-family friendly environment. Therefore, in the 1980s and 1990s, some organizations began to offer work-life programs who aimed to promote balance work-life. The first waves of these progra ms were mainly to support women with children (Brough et al., 2008). Now-a-days, many work-life programs have been introduced which are less gender specific and identify other obligations as well as those of family. Definitions of Work-Life Balance Now-a-days, the concept of Work-Life Balance is not new; because of its importance it has been discussed extensively. It has been conceptualized as an individuals orientation across various life roles and inter roles phenomenon. Different scholars have given different views on how they perceive the concept of WLB. Some of the important definitions are: (1) Kofodimos has defined it as a satisfying, healthy and productive life that includes work, play and love, that integrates a range of life activities with attention to self and to personal and spiritual development, and that expresses a persons unique wishes, interests, and values (Valk Srinivasan, 2011, p. 40). (2) Kirchmeyer has viewed Work-Life Balance as achieving satisfying experiences in all life domains, and to do so require personal resources such as energy, time, and commitment to be well distributed across domains (Greenhaus et al., 2003, p. 512). (3) Clark views work life balance as satisfaction and good functioning at wo rk and at home with a minimum of role conflict (Greenhaus et al., 2003, p. 512). (4) Work life balance is the term used to describe the organizational initiatives aimed at enhancing employee experience of work and non-work domains (Darcy et al., 2012, p. 112). (5) Work life balance is experienced when demands from the domain of work are compatible with demands from other domains, e.g. family (Pichler, 2008, p. 3). These definitions share number of common elements for example; all highlights the balance between work and non-work domains and equality of inputs and outcomes. On the other hand, work life conflict is a form of inter role conflict in which the demands of work and family roles are incompatible in some respect so that participation in one role is more difficult because of participation in the other role (Voydanoff, 2004, p. 399). In short, work life conflict is conflict between work and family responsibilities. Significance of Work-Life Balance Literature has shown that concept of Work-Life Balance is worth for discussion as it aims to create a balanced work-life. Work life balance is becoming an important issue as people deals with shrinking workplace and time pressure. Many studies have highlighted that work-life initiatives offer a win-win situation to both employees and employers and affect business progress and performance in many ways as improving work life balance practices increase productivity, employee well-being, reduces costs, lead to improve retention and recruitment and better motivation and morale for employees (Maxwell, 2005). Various theories have revealed that work life balance policies try to minimize stress and add to a healthier and safer work environment. Work life balance has been associated with greater employee commitment, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior and its policies are beneficial for individuals, their families, physical health, mental health, relationships, creativity , organizations, and society (Brough et al., 2008 Grzywacz Carlson, 2007). Employees expect their employers to recognize that in addition to job they also have a life that includes their family, friends and social gathering. Studies have shown that a workforce that is out of balance faces stress and dissatisfaction which reduces family and work engagement. Work life balance issues are one of the main reasons which forces workers to quit their jobs. Therefore, work life balance is an important and increasingly hot topic because its about improving peoples quality of life and aims to widen access to career opportunities and paid employment. Firm size is also the next best predictor of the presence of work life balance policies; because its size affects the extent and type of work life balance policies a firm can offer. Large companies are more likely to offer longer and paid parental leave and flexible working hours (Beauregard Henry, 2009; Kucharova, 2009). In short, firms have re cognized that creating a balanced work and family life of employees is the only solution of all problems. Now, senior management has become more proactive about their employees health and they are introducing and implementing work life strategies. Measurement There is no as such one measurement tool for work life balance in literature. But most widely used tool is questionnaire and surveys. Most companies do questionnaires and survey to their employees to find out how balanced is their work and life is. One such questionnaire is discussed here. Employee has to select one option and each option is assigned different point. Options were based on a 5-point rating scale that ranged from never to always. Questions are: I have come home from work too tired to do the chores which need to be done? It has been difficult for me to fulfill my family responsibility because of the amount of time I spend on my job? I have arrived at work too tired to function well because of the household work I had done? I have found it difficult to concentrate at work because of my family responsibilities? Keep worrying about work problems when you are not working? Feel too tired after work to enjoy the things you would like to do at home? Find that your job prevents you from giving the time you want to your partner or family? Find that your partner or family gets fed up with the pressure of your job? If employee faces these problems quite often it means he/she is facing work life conflict (Pichler, 2008). Higher scores indicate imbalance rather than balance of work and life. (Other surveys and questionnaires are mentioned in appendix). Antecedents Which Cause Imbalance Work-Life In many researches both men and women has reported that they face difficulties in keeping a balance between family and work life, therefore, their lives suffer because of this imbalance. One of the main reasons for this difficulty is lack of support and help from their better half or spouse. In addition to this, work life (im)balance highly depends upon on job role, project-based job and nature of industry. For example, project-based work with unpredictable work pressure and requirement to deliver project consistently with predetermined time, often requires extensive travel disturb family relations. Additional working hours and working outside normal hours at expense of home and family time with high work intensity and pressure may result in bad health, stress, anxiety, fatigue and adverse/unpleasant psycho-physiological consequences that can have dreadful affect on quality of family and work life. Some researches has indicated that despite of an overall decline in weekly working hou rs across Europe over the last decade, the increased stress level, insecurities and competition at work-place are considered to be additional factors which are relevant in creating disruption of balance in life (Valk Srinivasan, 2011; Pichler, 2008). Literature has also highlighted that fact that highest level of stress occurs when job demands are high whereas work life balance practices and policies are low. There are also some barriers which restrict organizations to implement work life balance policies that are job requirements, commitment and loyalty, cultural values, and change (Chiang et al., 2010). According to Voydanoff (2004), work demands expected to be highly associated with work-to-family conflicts which are of two types i.e. time based and strain based. Long paid working hours restrict an individuals time that can be spent with friends and family. This lack of time may create difficulties for employees in maintaining family relationship and performing family orientated task or duties. Sometimes, strain-based demands (job insecurity or concern over losing a job) threaten the economic well-being that is necessary to quality of life and stability. The stress related with job insecurity decreases interpersonal availability and restricts effective participation in family life. Sometimes, family responsibilities also restricts person to perform his/her work duties effectively but researches have been more focused on work to family conflict rather than family to work conflict. Consequences Conflict between family and work has real and worth discussing consequences which extensively affects quality of life and career success for both women and men. Stressfulness, lower productivity, low employee morale, decreased job satisfaction, absenteeism and sickness are some common consequences which are caused by work life conflict. The consequences for women may comprise serious career choices and constraints, limited career advancement opportunity and success in their work role and need to choose between an active satisfying career or marriage and children. Most of the men face tradeoff between career and personal values when they tries to find out ways to make dual career families work that often requires them to hold family roles that are far different and open. Other serious consequences of imbalance work-life are alcohol-drug abuse, negative physical and mental health effects, poorer outcomes for dependants and other household members, a lesser work contribution, a diminuti on of social citizenship and community participation, depression, financial and marital problems, distrust, tardiness, cheating and violence in workplace, task avoidance, embezzlement, organizational sabotage, compulsive eating disorder and burnout (Voydanoff, 2004; Pocock, 2005). Because of these serious consequences organization faces with the prospect of losing talented men and women who because of imbalance between work and life become unable to cope with dual family and work demands. That is why; organizations reconsider personnel policies and expectations. Factors Which Help in Creating Work Life Balance The role of social/family support and supervisor/co-worker support has consistently emerged in literature as an important factor that influences work family balance in a positive manner. Social support includes support from an employees parents, siblings, spouse or partner, children, friends and extended family. Of particular importance is support from the spouse who contributes in a variety of areas including moral, domestic and childcare support, earnings and personal financial management, home and family responsibilities, career management and interpersonal support. Family support also includes the exchange of support among relatives. The personal social support can be further conceptualized as emotional and instrumental support, thus suggesting that it positively influences the individuals functioning at work. The role of workplace support, i.e., the support received from supervisors and co-workers is another critical element of work family balance. Organizational and supervisor understanding of family duties are positively related to satisfaction with the balance between work and family life. Workplace support via an organizational approach involves the implementation of family friendly policies, which are associated with integrating work and family responsibilities and achieving a healthy work and family balance. Organizations offer a wide range of work family benefits and programs to their employees (these are discussed in appendix). Through research it is found that flexible work arrangements allow individuals to maintain a balanced life. There is also importance of supportive supervisors, peers and colleagues in managing their work family balance. Literature recognizes that all of the above mentioned variables have a greater impact on women. An emerging category appeared to achieve work life balance that is self-management or reinvention: reconsidering not only the kind of work one wants to do but also the kind of person one wants to be and the sacrifi ces one is prepared to make to grow into that new self (Valk Srinivasan, 2011; Wayne et al., 2007; Voydanoff, 2004). Communication about work life programs to employees and providing proper resources and rewards to them also contribute towards work life balance. Advantages of Balanced Work and Life Researchers are now focusing on how family and work can benefit each other and this concept is known as work life facilitation. This facilitation may take place when gain from one domain can be transferred to and improving the functioning in the other domain. Work life balance can serve as a guide for organizations to address family work balance issues by redesigning the HR practices and policies for facilitating family work balance. This will help further help in enabling workers to be more committed to the organization, perform better work, and contribute to growth of economy and positive impact for society as whole (Valk Srinivasan, 2011). Work-Life programs promotes improve productivity and employee commitment, lower rate of turnover, thus result in fewer employee relation challenges and reduced likelihood of unethical business practices. Moreover, implementation of work life balance policies can result in less loss of knowledge workers to competitors, reduced staff turnover, lo wer training and recruitment costs, reduced absenteeism, improved quality of workers, reduction in work stress, reduced use of sick leave, high self-esteem, confidence and loyalty, better performance and high morale and satisfaction. Some vital benefits that employer gains from work life balance includes employees feel valuable and work harder, maximized available labor, more loyal and motivated workforce, less stressful workplace, high employee involvement, organizational effectiveness and positive employee attitude and behavior (Beauregard Henry, 2009). Work life promotes happiness and better relations among employees and employers. Costs of Implementing Work Life Balance Policies The cost of implementing work life balance policies is another vital issue which organizations take into account. These costs include direct cost e.g. parental leave payments, childcare subsidies, cost of extra space associated with increased facilities like breastfeeding rooms or childcare facilities, providing equipment to telecommuters and indirect costs such as temporarily filing absentees post and reduction in productivity from temporary disruptions (Darcy et al., 2012; Brough et al., 2008). It has also highlighted that managers role plays a critical role in policy development and implementation. Poor managers/supervisors skills and behaviors in work life balance practice can lead to increase costs (Maxwell, 2005). According to Roberts (2008) a reduction in worked hours is perhaps the most obvious route for employees to improve their work life balance despite the connected costs in terms of income, career and status. Managerial Implications/Recommendations Based on feedback from family and co-worker a person can evaluate whether he/she fulfilling both family and work responsibilities (Grzywacz Carlson, 2007). Work life balance support and practices promotes a mean by which workers may alter their work hours and condition in a way which can reduce stress. When employees enjoy high degree of freedom and flexibility, sense of job control will increase, thus alleviating job stress (Chiang et al., 2010). Work life balance practices can have positive impact on employees and competition at firm level. These are some suggestions to promote work-life policies and program: (1) Use questionnaires to find out what workers feel about work life balance. (2) Review HR strategy and see if they support companys mission. (3) Develop work-life reward programs by using non-cash incentives associated with business objective. (4) Align HR strategy (e.g. employer of choice) with work-life initiatives (McCarthy et al., 2010). Work-life initiatives also creat e positive employer branding, promote organizational citizenship; endorse being an employer of choice and support diversity programs. To start work-life programs, managers should consider these key areas: employee retention, absenteeism, employee time save, increase productivity and motivation and decrease stress related illness and health care costs. However, the entire work-life programs cannot be told firmly by only quantitative measurements. HR professionals must consider four significant questions: (1) do supervisors and managers aware of the impact work life balance and its policies has on their employees, (2) does a firm culture and environment truly support work-life benefits, (3) does the companys management philosophy sincerely promotes work-life benefits, (4) are workers aware of and do they recognize companys work-life policies and programs. If a company is already in practice of offering work-life benefits, then the next step for it would be to re-communicate and repack age them so employees can see how such benefits may find them ways to reduce or manage work-family conflict. Moreover, creating a HR strategy that clearly comply with companys mission will exhibit that how committed the company is to its employees needs. Organizations may need to adopt more modified work life balance programs, initiatives and have the courage to go beyond from a one size fits all approach (Darcy et al., 2012; McCarthy et al., 2010). In other words, Companies may need to re-think work life balance more specifically and need to pay more attention on it. Work life balance programs are not reduced hours, flexible delivery, but it is about assisting people to match their behavior to their values (Reiter, 2007). According to Grawitch et al., (2010) its not about balance, its about resource allocation (in appendix, it is discussed in more detail). Companies should tailor its HR and work life balance policies according to the need of the employees and should implement it ef fectively to get desired results. Discussion Findings From the literature we found that younger employees and employees in professional and managerial positions account higher levels of work life conflict. Singles are generally more balanced than people whose partner is in paid work. Long working hours, high levels of job insecurity, a lack of power in deciding when to start or finish work and demanding jobs result in higher imbalance in work and life. Women with children also report high level of work life conflict (Pichler, 2008). But it was revealed by Emslie Hunt (2009) that there is no clear relationship between work life balance and gender. It is definitely clear that women is considered to do the home related work, on other hand men is also supposed to fulfill family responsibilities. There is also no clear relationship between work life conflict and age of employees children, but there is some evidence about those employees whose children are below three faces more work life imbalance. A one size fits all approach used for the development of work life balance programs is costly and ineffective to meet the needs of different type of employees. Job involvement was negatively related to work life balance whereas, perceived managerial support was positively related to work life balance (Darcy et al., 2012). It was found by Kucharova (2009) that there is no clear relationship between work life balance and economic condition of the different countries. It was found that sometimes flexible working and working from home increase work life conflict and part time work and job sharing also sometimes increase work pressure. There was no clear relationship found between flexible working arrangements and working conditions such as pay, promotion opportunities and employee commitment (Russell et al., 2009; Moore, 2006). Through study of Reiter (2007) it was clear that organizational development field is struggling with the apparent lack of success of work life balance programs in many organizations and this is caused by lack of investment by companies and government in work life balance initiatives. Furthermore, to gain real value from investment in work life balance, organizations need to recognize it as a complex issue and apply much more holistic solutions than has usually been the case. Conclusion In conclusion, we like to say that people who combine all aspects of their life in a balanced manner should therefore be the most satisfied and happiest one. In short, work life balance is part of the general well-being. The higher work-life imbalance, the lower are life satisfaction, happiness, subjective health and emotional well-being. Work life balance programs have the potential to extensively reduce absenteeism, improve employee morale and keep hold of organizational knowledge, particularly during hard economic times. In such a marketplace where there is increasing globalization and companies aspire to reduce costs, it depends upon human resource expert to comprehend the serious issues of work life balance and become of winner work life programs. It will cost some money, but in the long run, the company will benefit from this. If properly introduced and implemented then work life balance programs can be win-win situation for employee, family and organization. Flexible working a rrangements are important but it should be catered according to employees needs, resources, time and demands to get more improved results. Work life balance is associated with quality of life and is not only a moral issue it is productivity and economic issue, a workplace issue and a social issue, and needs to be addressed as such. We can also measure by using some other questions and that are, how successful do you feel in balancing your paid work and family life? Are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the balance between your job or main activity and family and home life? I am satisfied with the balance I have achieved between my work and life? I am able to balance the demands of my work and the demands of my family? I experience a high level of work-family balance? I am satisfied with the balance I have achieved between my work life and my family life? How successful do you feel in balancing your paid work and family life? Are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the balance between your job or main activity and family and home life? Responses were based on a 5-point rating scale that ranged from strongly disagree to strongly agree. (Allen Kiburz, 2011; Kucharova, 2009; Reiter, 2007). Factors Which Help in Creating Work Life Balance Organizations offer a wide range of work family benefits and programs to their employees such as job sharing, staggered hours, compressed working hours, telecommuting, job protected parental leave, part-time return to work options, shift swapping, flextime, resource and referral services, unpaid family leave, dependent care assistance, shorter standard work weeks, improvement in job conditions, breaks from work, work for home, on-site childcare, support groups for working parents, sports facilities, day-care facilities, laundry facilities, and canteen facilities (Valk Srinivasan, 2011; Wayne et al., 2007; Voydanoff, 2004). Its not about Balance, Its about Resource Allocation Literature has re-conceptualizes the frame work of WLB. Previous researches have given more emphasized on the ways in which work and non-work life affect each other, but now new studies has introduced the concept of Personal Resource Allocation (PRA) framework which considers that all life demands forces an individual to make choices about where, when, how to allocate personal resources across the life domains. This Framework has four main central components which include personal resources, demands, resources allocation strategies and the individual outcomes. It suggests that effective work-life balance is an effective personal resource allocation across all life pursuits. It allows researchers to move beyond the old assumption of WLB, in which work life is considered bad and family life considered as good, to person-environment interactions that brings positive individual outcomes. According to PRA framework, individuals bring their personal resources to their daily lives, and beca use they come across repeated demands (anything that competes for personal resources) on their resources so, these demand forces them to make choices where to allocate these resources. Once the resources are allocated, then individuals are left with fewer resources to meet additional demands (Figure1, in appendix shows the PRA framework). Therefore, positive outcomes can only be achieved if (a) perceives that they have necessary resources to respond to their demands of life, (b) when they believe that they have adequate control to allocate their resource according their preferences, (c) when they feel satisfied with the way they have managed their resources (Grawitch et al., 2010). This Framework has presented the rethinking concept of WLB interface by de-emphasizing the negative role that work plays in life and emphasizing a resource allocation strategy. This theory incorporates person-environment interactions that bring positive outcomes, instead of, simply those that decrease or increase outcomes.